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- $Unique_ID{BRK03555}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cancer, Lung}
- $Subject{Cancer Lung Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cancer of the Lung Carcinoma of
- the Lung Occupational Lung Cancer Pulmonary Neoplasms Squamous Cell Epidermoid
- Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Alveolar Cell Bronchoalveolar
- Carcinomas Undifferentiated Small Cell Oat Cell Carcinoma Undifferentiated
- Anaplastic Large Cell Carcinoma Benign Tumors}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 804:
- Cancer, Lung
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Lung Cancer) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Bronchogenic Carcinoma
- Cancer of the Lung
- Carcinoma of the Lung
- Occupational Lung Cancer
- Pulmonary Neoplasms
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
-
- Squamous Cell (or Epidermoid) Carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (Including Alveolar Cell and
- Bronchoalveolar Carcinomas)
- Undifferentiated Small Cell (or Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Large Cell Carcinoma
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Benign Tumors of the Lung
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Lung Cancer is the most common form of cancer among both men and women in the
- United States. Those most at risk are smokers, especially heavy smokers.
- Cancer is a disease in which malignant cell development occurs, causing
- destruction of healthy cells. Major symptoms of lung cancer may include
- persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood from
- the lungs (hemoptysis), or weight loss. Ninety-five percent of lung cancers
- are caused by four main types: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, small (or
- oat) cell, and large cell lung cancer.
-
- Symptoms
-
- A common symptom of lung cancer is a persisting cough. Other symptoms may
- include chest pain, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), shortness of breath,
- wheezing, coughing up blood from the lungs (hemoptysis), or weight loss.
- Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), hoarseness, weakness, fever, spinal
- cord or bone pain, or swelling of the head, neck, or breast are other
- possible symptoms.
-
- Squamous cell carcinoma generally develops in the central area of the
- lung and is the only type of lung cancer that can be detected in a
- precancerous stage. Squamous cell is the most treatable of the four main
- types of lung cancer; it does not travel as fast as the other three types and
- responds well to treatment.
-
- In adenocarcinoma of the lung, tumors tend to form in glands lining the
- smaller bronchi (tubes that conduct air to and from the lungs).
-
- Small cell, or oat cell carcinoma is very aggressive and travels quickly;
- chemotherapy especially benefits these patients. The name "oat cell" refers
- to the shape of the cells which resemble oat grains.
-
- Large cell lung carcinoma is the rarest form of lung cancer and may
- actually be a different type of squamous cell carcinoma and/or
- adenocarcinoma. Generally, this type is very similar to adenocarcinoma in
- both symptoms and treatment.
-
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome (LES) may occur in two-thirds of patients having
- malignant tumors, especially patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
- In some patients, LES occurs up to three years before a tumor is detected.
- LES is a neuromuscular disorder that may be an autoimmune disease. Major
- symptoms include muscle weakness and fatigue especially of the pelvic and
- thigh muscles. Other symptoms may include dryness of the mouth, impotence,
- pain in the thighs, and a pricking, tingling or creeping sensation on the
- skin (paresthesias) around the affected areas. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "LES" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Many lung cancer patients also have heart or lung problems which may be
- linked to age, smoking, or both.
-
- Causes
-
- Like most forms of cancer, the exact cause of lung cancer is not known.
- Those most at risk are cigarette smokers, especially heavy smokers. Smoking
- is linked to lung cancer in 85% of patients. Other cancer-causing agents
- (carcinogens) linked with lung cancer are arsenic, asbestos, beryllium,
- cadmium, chloromethyl ether, chromates, coal tars, coke-oven emissions, iron
- oxide, isopropyl oil, metallic iron, mustard gas, nickel, radon gas and
- uranium. Job-related exposure to these carcinogens, such as a miner exposed
- to uranium, increases the risk of developing lung cancer. If a person
- exposed to these carcinogens is a smoker as well, the risk of lung cancer is
- even higher.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer among both men and women in the
- United States. Those most at risk are smokers, especially heavy smokers.
- Lung cancer is usually discovered in people aged 45 and over. The average
- age at the time of diagnosis, especially in men, is 70-74. In women,
- adenocarcinomas may occur earlier (age 50-59) than in men.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of lung cancer.
- Comparison may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Benign (noncancerous) tumors of the lung may resemble malignant tumors.
- Testing is necessary for a correct diagnosis.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Testing for lung cancer includes chest x-ray, bronchoscopy, and/or biopsy.
- Treatment of lung cancer varies from patient to patient. It is important to
- determine which type of lung cancer a person has and how far the disease has
- spread since these factors determine the appropriate treatment program.
- First, physicians determine what "stage" the disease is in. The stage
- depends on the number and location of malignant sites, and if the cancer has
- traveled.
-
- Treatment of lung cancer may include surgery, radiotherapy and/or
- chemotherapy. Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) destroys cancer cells,
- shrinks enlarged lymph nodes, and aids in prevention of further cancer.
- Chemotherapy involves the use of anticancer drugs. There are several drug
- regimens now in use. The drug combinations of cyclophosphamide,
- methotrexate, and lomustine (CCNU), or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and
- vincristine, or the drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and
- etoposide (VP-16) may be prescribed. All these drugs may produce adverse
- side effects and must be carefully monitored by a specialist physician
- (oncologist).
-
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The drug Ricin (blocked) conjugated murine monoclonal antibody (N901) has
- been approved by the FDA for testing in the treatment of Small Cell Lung
- Cancer. The drug is manufactured by Immunogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
-
- The National Cancer Institute conducts clinical trials on new drugs being
- tested for lung cancer and other forms of cancer. To learn about locations
- of these investigations, contact the Cancer Information Service listed in the
- Resources section of this report.
-
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
- For more information on Lung Cancer, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 457-463, 2364.
-
- THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS COMPLETE HOME
- MEDICAL GUIDE: Donald F. Tapley, M.D., et al., eds; Crown Publishers, Inc.,
- 1985. Pp. 404.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 627-630.
-
- WORLD BOOK MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA: Erich E. Brueschke, M.D., et al., eds;
- World Book, Inc., 1988. Pp. 148-149.
-
-